中文名:魂瓶         别名:谷仓罐.堆塑罐

类别:陶器                       年代:汉

Chinese name: soul bottle alias: barn jar. Stacking plastic cans

Category: Pottery Age: Han

魂瓶又称"谷仓罐"、"堆塑罐"。它由汉代(公元前206年～公元220年)的五联罐演变而来,是中国长江中下游地区三国两晋(公元220～420年)时期墓葬中特有的随葬品。

Soul bottles are also called "barn cans" and "plastic cans ". It evolved from the Wulian pot in the Han Dynasty (206 BC ~220 AD) and is a special burial object in the tombs of the three Kingdoms (220~420 AD) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

魂瓶其出现源于一个古老的传说:伯夷、叔齐为商末孤竹国君之子,因忠于殷商,劝谏武王伐纣无效而誓死不食周粟。周武王灭商后,建立西周,两人遂饿死于首阳山。人们念其抱节之志,故在陪葬品中放入“五谷囊”。魂瓶随葬的礼俗自此出现,故早期魂瓶实为贮粮之器。关于“五谷囊”,王肃《丧服要记》中还记有一则颇具趣味的历史故事:说是春秋时的鲁哀公为父举丧,孔子因其未在陪葬品中放进五谷囊而问责于他,哀公狡辩道:“五谷囊陪葬,起自伯夷、叔齐不食周粟而饿死,恐其魂之饥也,故设五谷囊。吾父食味含脯而死,何用此为?”可知在春秋时期,大儒孔子已认为陪葬品中放入五谷囊是一种重要的礼俗。

The appearance of the soul bottle originated from an ancient legend: Boyi, Shuqi as the son of the Guzhu King in the late Shang Dynasty, because of loyalty to Yin Shang, admonish King Wu Zhou ineffective and swear not to eat Zhou Su. After Zhou Wu Wang destroyed business, established the Western Zhou Dynasty, two people then starved to death in Shouyang Mountain. People read their ambition to embrace the festival, so in the "grain bag ". Since then, the ritual custom of soul bottle burial has appeared, so the early soul bottle is a storage device. There is also an interesting historical story in Wang Su's Book of mourning: it is said that Lu Ai Gong died for his father in the Spring and Autumn period. Confucius was held accountable to him for not putting grain bags in his funeral articles. My father's taste is preserved and die, why use this ?" It can be seen that in the Spring and Autumn period, Confucius thought that it was an important custom to put grain bags in the burial objects.

三国、西晋墓葬中常见的随葬陶瓷器,也有大量魂瓶出土于宋代,亦称“青瓷谷仓罐”。魂瓶是一种“冥器”。“冥”是古代社会唯心主义思想所迷信认为的人们死后进入的世界,比如“冥币”就跟贴近我们现代人生活。以魂瓶这种冥器为例,上面所塑之物,往往象征着死者生前的社会待遇和家庭状况,并且希望死后到达所谓的“冥界”依然能够享用。如果魂瓶上堆宿繁多,则可能是等级较高的社会等级较高或非常富裕的墓主人;堆塑相对简略鲜少则相对地较低,也有毫无实物的管瓶。

In the tombs of the three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of ceramic objects were unearthed in the Song Dynasty, also known as "celadon granary jar ". Soul bottle is a kind of "ghost device ". "Hades" is the ancient social idealist ideology superstitious people into the world after death, such as "Hades" and close to our modern life. Taking the ghost bottle as an example, the above molded objects often symbolize the social treatment and family status of the deceased, and hope to reach the so-called "underworld" after death can still be enjoyed. If there are many piles on the soul bottle, it may be the owner of the tomb with higher social grade or very rich, and the relatively simple and few piles of plastic are relatively low, and there are no physical bottles.

青釉魂瓶通高32厘米,底径7厘米

Green glaze spirit bottle 32 cm high ,7 cm bottom diameter

汉代、三国、两晋时期的墓葬出土较多宿有楼阁,飞鸟,廊庑,乐伶等等,宋代则相对女佣女官居多。魂瓶的出土对尚未找到墓志铭的墓葬的断代有指导、佐证作用。汉代三国的魂瓶器型较大,高宽之比相差较小,釉水失透,多为平底;到宋代的魂瓶则跟似于瓶状,旋削修足,多施化妆土,多数器物釉面玻璃质感较强;元代也有造型独特的魂瓶,比如有人首为堆塑体,人体却以刻画在器身上为呈现方式的人物塑造方式。

In the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, there were many tombs unearthed, such as pavilions, birds, porches, musicians and so on. The unearthed soul bottle has a guiding and supporting effect on the generation of tombs that have not found epitaphs. In the Han Dynasty, the three Kingdoms had a large type of Horcrux bottle, a small difference in height and width, and a flat bottom. Yuan Dynasty also has a unique shape of the soul bottle, such as some people for the first plastic body, but the human body to portray on the body as a way of character shaping.

在摈弃魂瓶等冥器中的迷信思想同时,也要发觉他的文化价值、艺术价值。中华民族是酷爱物葬礼葬的民族,有点好东西总得埋下去,还特地制造一些冥器,就比如魂瓶下葬。这种习俗躲让现代人难以想通。但是,正是因为这种制度、习俗,使我们得以看到几千年的灿烂文明。

At the same time, we should find out his cultural value and artistic value. The Chinese nation is a people who love to bury objects, some good things have to be buried, but also specially made some objects, such as the burial of soul bottles. This custom makes it difficult for modern people to figure it out. But it is because of this system, customs, that we can see thousands of years of brilliant civilization.

这件魂瓶构思巧妙,制作精细,反映出三国时期制瓷工艺在成型技术上所取得的高度成就。塑造的题材虽多却无琐碎之感。各种造型寓巧于拙,着重表达内在情趣,将天上人间、神话现实揉合在一起,既现实又浪漫。它作为随葬品,表现了墓主人及其家族永保富贵、家运兴隆的祈望,同时也生动地再现了当年地主庄园和江南水乡的景象,因而具有极其珍贵的历史价值和艺术价值。

This soul bottle is ingenious and fine, which reflects the high achievement of porcelain making technology in the three Kingdoms period. There are many themes but no trivial feelings. All kinds of shapes are self-defeating, focusing on the expression of inner interest, the heaven and earth, mythological reality together, both realistic and romantic. As a burial object, it shows the hope that the tomb owner and his family will always be rich and prosperous, and at the same time vividly reproduces the scene of the landlord manor and the Jiangnan water countryside, so it has extremely precious historical value and artistic value.

一件藏品的成交离不开广告宣传!本公司以自成立以来,始终秉承“公开,公平,公正,诚实,守信”的服务原则, 做最实在的宣传,上最高端的平台,享受最好的服务。

 A collection of transactions can not do without advertising! Since its establishment, the company has always been adhering to the "open, fair, just, honest, trustworthy" service principle, do the most practical publicity, on the top platform, enjoy the best service.

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Tel:13311337192

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